Human Gene Set: KEGG_APOPTOSIS


Standard name KEGG_APOPTOSIS
Systematic name M8492
Brief description Apoptosis
Full description or abstract Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily members and ligands) and the intrinsic (mitochondria-associated) pathways, both of which are found in the cytoplasm. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by death receptor engagement, which initiates a signaling cascade mediated by caspase-8 activation. Caspase-8 both feeds directly into caspase-3 activation and stimulates the release of cytochrome c by the mitochondria. Caspase-3 activation leads to the degradation of cellular proteins necessary to maintain cell survival and integrity. The intrinsic pathway occurs when various apoptotic stimuli trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria (independently of caspase-8 activation). Cytochrome c interacts with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 to promote the activation of caspase-3. Recent studies point to the ER as a third subcellular compartment implicated in apoptotic execution. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER cause ER stress. Prolonged ER stress can result in the activation of BAD and/or caspase-12, and execute apoptosis.
Collection C2: Curated
      CP: Canonical Pathways
            CP:KEGG_LEGACY: KEGG Legacy Pathways
Source publication  
Exact source hsa04210
Related gene sets  
External links http://www.genome.jp/pathway/hsa04210
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Source species Homo sapiens
Contributed by KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)
Source platform or
identifier namespace		 Human_NCBI_Gene_ID
Dataset references  
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GTEx compendium
Human tissue compendium (Novartis)
Global Cancer Map (Broad Institute)
NCI-60 cell lines (National Cancer Institute)
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Version history  

The content of the gene sets in the KEGG_LEGACY collection has not been updated since KEGG restricted their usage terms in 2011. More recent sets are available in the KEGG_MEDICUS collection, derived from KEGG's openly available MEDICUS subset.



License Terms for Legacy KEGG data in MSigDB

MSigDB gene sets derived from Legacy KEGG pathways are protected by copyright, (c) 1995-2017 Kanehisa Laboratories, all rights reserved. They are provided for use in the MSigDB collection under license to the Broad Institute, Inc., with qualified permission to include in this release. End users are directed to http://www.pathway.jp/ and http://www.kegg.jp/kegg/docs/plea.html for information on the copyright holder's academic and commercial licensing policies. Inclusion of these gene sets herein is conditioned upon acknowledgment and retention of the aforementioned copyright, and compliance with such policies. These KEGG derived gene sets are in a subcollection MSigDB C2 named "KEGG_LEGACY", and can be recognized by the "KEGG_" prefix (without "MEDICUS") in their name.

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