Human Gene Set: HELLER_SILENCED_BY_METHYLATION_UP


Standard name HELLER_SILENCED_BY_METHYLATION_UP
Systematic name M8776
Brief description Genes up-regulated in at least one of three multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines treated with the DNA hypomethylating agent decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) [PubChem=451668].
Full description or abstract To identify epigenetically silenced cancer-related genes and to determine molecular effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza-dC) and/or trichostatin A (TSA) in multiple myeloma (MM), we analyzed global changes in gene expression profiles of three MM cell lines by microarray analysis. We identified up-regulation of several genes whose epigenetic silencing in MM is well known. However, much more importantly, we identified a large number of epigenetically inactivated cancer-related genes that are involved in various physiologic processes and whose epigenetic regulation in MM was unknown thus far. In addition, drug treatment of MM cell lines resulted in down-regulation of several MM proliferation-associated factors (i.e., MAF, CCND1/2, MYC, FGFR3, MMSET). Ten Aza-dC and/or TSA up-regulated genes (CPEB1, CD9, GJA1, BCL7c, GADD45G, AKAP12, TFPI2, CCNA1, SPARC, and BNIP3) were selected for methylation analysis in six MM cell lines, 24 samples from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 111 samples from patients with MM. Methylation frequencies of these genes ranged between 0% and 17% in MGUS samples and between 5% and 50% in MM samples. Interestingly, methylation of SPARC and BNIP3 was statistically significantly associated with a poor overall survival of MM patients (P = 0.003 and P = 0.017, respectively). Moreover, SPARC methylation was associated with loss of SPARC protein expression by immunostaining in a subset of MM patients. In conclusion, we identified new targets for aberrant methylation in monoclonal gammopathies, and our results suggest that DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibition might play an important role in the future treatment of patients with MM.
Collection C2: Curated
      CGP: Chemical and Genetic Perturbations
Source publication Pubmed 18172295   Authors: Heller G,Schmidt WM,Ziegler B,Holzer S,Müllauer L,Bilban M,Zielinski CC,Drach J,Zöchbauer-Müller S
Exact source Table 1S
Related gene sets (show 5 additional gene sets from the source publication)

(show 20 gene sets from the same authors)
External links
Filtered by similarity ?
Source species Homo sapiens
Contributed by Jessica Robertson (MSigDB Team)
Source platform or
identifier namespace		 HUMAN_GENE_SYMBOL
Dataset references  
Download gene set format: grp | gmt | xml | json | TSV metadata
Compute overlaps ? (show collections to investigate for overlap with this gene set)
Compendia expression profiles ? NG-CHM interactive heatmaps
(Please note that clustering takes a few seconds)
GTEx compendium
Human tissue compendium (Novartis)
Global Cancer Map (Broad Institute)
NCI-60 cell lines (National Cancer Institute)

Legacy heatmaps (PNG)
GTEx compendium
Human tissue compendium (Novartis)
Global Cancer Map (Broad Institute)
NCI-60 cell lines (National Cancer Institute)
Advanced query Further investigate these 283 genes
Gene families ? Categorize these 283 genes by gene family
Show members (show 284 source identifiers mapped to 283 genes)
Version history 3.0: First introduced

See MSigDB license terms here. Please note that certain gene sets have special access terms.