Human Gene Set: WU_SILENCED_BY_METHYLATION_IN_BLADDER_CANCER


Standard name WU_SILENCED_BY_METHYLATION_IN_BLADDER_CANCER
Systematic name M19766
Brief description Genes silenced by DNA methylation in bladder cancer cell lines.
Full description or abstract Promoter hypermethylation is one of the common mechanisms leading to gene silencing in various human cancers. Using a combination of pharmacologic unmasking and microarray techniques, we identified 59 candidate hypermethylated genes, including LOXL1, a lysyl oxidase-like gene, in human bladder cancer cells. We further showed that LOXL1 and LOXL4 are commonly silenced genes in human bladder cancer cells, and this silence is predominantly related to promoter methylation. We also found LOXL1 and LOXL4 gene methylation and loss of expression in primary bladder tumors. In addition, somatic mutations were identified in LOXL4, but not in LOXL1 in bladder cancer. Moreover, reintroduction of LOXL1 and LOXL4 genes into human bladder cancer cells leads to a decrease of colony formation ability. Further studies indicated that the overexpression of LOXL1 and LOXL4 could antagonize Ras in activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Thus, our current study suggests for the first time that lysyl oxidase-like genes can act as tumor suppressor genes and exert their functions through the inhibition of the Ras/ERK signaling pathway in human bladder cancer.
Collection C2: Curated
      CGP: Chemical and Genetic Perturbations
Source publication Pubmed 17456585   Authors: Wu G,Guo Z,Chang X,Kim MS,Nagpal JK,Liu J,Maki JM,Kivirikko KI,Ethier SP,Trink B,Sidransky D
Exact source Suppl. Data 2
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Source species Homo sapiens
Contributed by Jessica Robertson (MSigDB Team)
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identifier namespace		 HUMAN_SEQ_ACCESSION
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Version history 3.0: First introduced

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